1. Chaocipher encoder

Text : ABCD efghi
Left Disk Alphabet : fbtqcwvkideuagxsyhmpjnrozl
Right Disk Alphabet : ouzdinescfaxjbtphrgqwkyvml

Solution:

Text : abcdefghi
LEFT disk (Cipher letters) : fbtqcwvkideuagxsyhmpjnrozl (Cipher letters)
RIGHT disk (Plain letters) : ouzdinescfaxjbtphrgqwkyvml (Plain letters)

`1^(st)` letter is 'a'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'a' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'e' (of LEFT disk)

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

,e

u

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

z

l : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

o

u

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a,

x

j

b

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

l : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('e') at the position 1 (zenith)

1

14

e

u

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

z

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('u') and leave the position 2 empty

1

14

e

_

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

z

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

e

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

_

z

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('u') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

e

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

u

z

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('a') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

1

14

x

j

b

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

l

o

u

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('b') and leave the position 3 empty

1

14

x

j

_

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

l

o

u

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

x

j

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

_

l

o

u

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('b') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

x

j

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b

l

o

u

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

---

`2^(nd)` letter is 'b'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'b' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'u' (of LEFT disk)

e

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

,u

z

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

x

j

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b,

l

o

u

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('u') at the position 1 (zenith)

1

14

u

z

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

e

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('z') and leave the position 2 empty

1

14

u

_

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

e

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

u

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

e

_

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('z') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

u

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

k

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('b') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

1

14

l

o

u

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

x

j

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('u') and leave the position 3 empty

1

14

l

o

_

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

x

j

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b

3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

l

o

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

x

j

_

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b

3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('u') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

l

o

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

x

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b

---

`3^(rd)` letter is 'c'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'c' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'v' (of LEFT disk)

u

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

,v

k

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

l

o

z

d

i

n

e

s

c,

f

a

x

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('v') at the position 1 (zenith)

1

14

v

k

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('k') and leave the position 2 empty

1

14

v

_

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

_

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('k') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

b

t

q

c

w

Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('c') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

1

14

f

a

x

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('x') and leave the position 3 empty

1

14

f

a

_

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

_

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('x') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

e

s

c

---

`4^(th)` letter is 'd'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'd' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'f' (of LEFT disk)

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

,f

b

t

q

c

w : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d,

i

n

e

s

c : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('f') at the position 1 (zenith)

1

14

f

b

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('b') and leave the position 2 empty

1

14

f

_

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

f

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

_

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('b') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

f

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

b

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('d') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

1

14

i

n

e

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('e') and leave the position 3 empty

1

14

i

n

_

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

i

n

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

_

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('e') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

i

n

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

---

`5^(th)` letter is 'e'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'e' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'b' (of LEFT disk)

f

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

,b

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

i

n

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e,

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('b') at the position 1 (zenith)

1

14

b

s

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('s') and leave the position 2 empty

1

14

b

_

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

b

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

_

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('s') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

b

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('e') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

1

14

q

w

k

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('k') and leave the position 3 empty

1

14

q

w

_

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e

3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

q

w

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

_

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e

3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('k') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

q

w

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e

---

`6^(th)` letter is 'f'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'f' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'c' (of LEFT disk)

b

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

,c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

q

w

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f,

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('c') at the position 1 (zenith)

1

14

c

w

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

b

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('w') and leave the position 2 empty

1

14

c

_

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

b

y

h

m

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

c

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

b

y

h

m

_

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('w') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

c

v

i

d

e

z

a

g

x

b

y

h

m

w

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('f') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

1

14

a

j

u

t

p

h

r

g

e

q

w

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('u') and leave the position 3 empty

1

14

a

j

_

t

p

h

r

g

e

q

w

y

x

v

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f

3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

a

j

t

p

h

r

g

e

q

w

y

x

v

_

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f

3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('u') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

a

j

t

p

h

r

g

e

q

w

y

x

v

u

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f

---

`7^(th)` letter is 'g'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'g' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'a' (of LEFT disk)

c

v

i

d

e

z

,a

g

x

b

y

h

m

w

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

a

j

t

p

h

r

g,

e

q

w

y

x

v

u

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('a') at the position 1 (zenith)

1

14

a

g

x

b

y

h

m

w

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

c

v

i

d

e

z

2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('g') and leave the position 2 empty

1

14

a

_

x

b

y

h

m

w

p

k

j

n

r

o

u

l

f

s

t

q

c

v

i

d

e

z

2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

a

x

b

y

h

m

w

p

k

j

n

r

o

_

u

l

f

s

t

q

c

v

i

d

e

z

2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('g') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

a

x

b

y

h

m

w

p

k

j

n

r

o

g

u

l

f

s

t

q

c

v

i

d

e

z

Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('g') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

1

14

e

q

w

y

x

v

u

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f

a

j

t

p

h

r

g

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('w') and leave the position 3 empty

1

14

e

q

_

y

x

v

u

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

n

k

s

c

f

a

j

t

p

h

r

g

3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

1

14

e

q

y

x

v

u

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

_

n

k

s

c

f

a

j

t

p

h

r

g

3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('w') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

1

14

e

q

y

x

v

u

m

b

l

o

z

d

i

w

n

k

s

c

f

a

j

t

p

h

r

g

---

`8^(th)` letter is 'h'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'h' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'd' (of LEFT disk)

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,d

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z : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

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h,

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g : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Step-2: Permute the LEFT disk

2.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the cipher letter ('d') at the position 1 (zenith)

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14

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2.2 Extract the letter at position 2 (zenith+1) ('e') and leave the position 2 empty

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2.3 Left Shift all letters from position 3 (zenith+2) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

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2.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('e') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

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Step-3: Permute the RIGHT disk

3.1 Rotate the alphabet in order to set the plain letter ('h') at the position 26 (zenith-1)

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h

3.2 Extract the letter at position 3 (zenith+2) ('e') and leave the position 3 empty

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3.3 Left Shift all letters from position 4 (zenith+3) to position 14 (nadir = zenith+13) and leave the position 14 empty

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3.4 Insert the previously extracted letter ('e') into the empty position 14 (nadir = zenith+13)

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14

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h

---

`9^(th)` letter is 'i'

Step-1: For the plain letter 'i' (of RIGHT disk), the corresponding cipher letter is 'r' (of LEFT disk)

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i : LEFT disk (Cipher letters)

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h : RIGHT disk (Plain letters)

Plaintext	: abcdefghi
LEFT disk	: fbtqcwvkideuagxsyhmpjnrozl
RIGHT disk	: ouzdinescfaxjbtphrgqwkyvml
Ciphertext	: euvfbcadr