3. Example-3 : `y'=-y`
Find y(0.2) for `y'=-y`, `x_0=0, y_0=1`, with step length 0.1 using Runge-Kutta 2 method (first order differential equation) Solution:Given `y'=-y, y(0)=1, h=0.1, y(0.2)=?` Method-1 : Using formula `k_2=hf(x_0+h,y_0+k_1)`Second order Runge-Kutta (RK2) method formula `k_1=hf(x_n,y_n)` `k_2=hf(x_n+h,y_n+k_1)` `y_(n+1)=y_n+(k_1+k_2)/2`
for `n=0,x_0=0,y_0=1` `k_1=hf(x_0,y_0)` `=(0.1)f(0,1)` `=(0.1)*(-1)` `=-0.1` `k_2=hf(x_0+h,y_0+k_1)` `=(0.1)f(0.1,0.9)` `=(0.1)*(-0.9)` `=-0.09` `y_1=y_0+(k_1+k_2)/2` `=1-0.095` `=0.905` `x_1=x_0+h=0+0.1=0.1`
for `n=1,x_1=0.1,y_1=0.905` `k_1=hf(x_1,y_1)` `=(0.1)f(0.1,0.905)` `=(0.1)*(-0.905)` `=-0.0905` `k_2=hf(x_1+h,y_1+k_1)` `=(0.1)f(0.2,0.8145)` `=(0.1)*(-0.8145)` `=-0.0815` `y_2=y_1+(k_1+k_2)/2` `=0.905-0.086` `=0.819` `x_2=x_1+h=0.1+0.1=0.2` `:.y(0.2)=0.819` | `n` | `x_n` | `y_n` | `k_1` | `k_2` | `x_(n+1)` | `y_(n+1)` | | 0 | 0 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.09 | 0.1 | 0.905 | | 1 | 0.1 | 0.905 | -0.0905 | -0.0815 | 0.2 | 0.819 |
Method-2 : Using formula `k_2=hf(x_0+h/2,y_0+k_1/2)`Second order Runge-Kutta (RK2) method formula `k_1=hf(x_n,y_n)` `k_2=hf(x_n+h/2,y_n+k_1/2)` `y_(n+1)=y_n+k_2`
for `n=0,x_0=0,y_0=1` `k_1=hf(x_0,y_0)` `=(0.1)f(0,1)` `=(0.1)*(-1)` `=-0.1` `k_2=hf(x_0+h/2,y_0+k_1/2)` `=(0.1)f(0.05,0.95)` `=(0.1)*(-0.95)` `=-0.095` `y_1=y_0+k_2` `=1-0.095` `=0.905` `x_1=x_0+h=0+0.1=0.1`
for `n=1,x_1=0.1,y_1=0.905` `k_1=hf(x_1,y_1)` `=(0.1)f(0.1,0.905)` `=(0.1)*(-0.905)` `=-0.0905` `k_2=hf(x_1+h/2,y_1+k_1/2)` `=(0.1)f(0.15,0.8598)` `=(0.1)*(-0.8598)` `=-0.086` `y_2=y_1+k_2` `=0.905-0.086` `=0.819` `x_2=x_1+h=0.1+0.1=0.2` `:.y(0.2)=0.819` | `n` | `x_n` | `y_n` | `k_1` | `k_2` | `x_(n+1)` | `y_(n+1)` | | 0 | 0 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.095 | 0.1 | 0.905 | | 1 | 0.1 | 0.905 | -0.0905 | -0.086 | 0.2 | 0.819 |
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